What is the ratio of stress to the corresponding strain known as?

The ratio of stress to the corresponding strain is known as the modulus of elasticity. This concept is fundamental in materials science and engineering, as it describes the material's ability to deform under stress. The modulus of elasticity, often represented by the symbol E, quantifies how much strain a material experiences when subjected to a certain amount of stress. It is crucial for designing structures and components that will be subjected to various loads, as it helps predict how a material will behave under those conditions.

In elastic materials, the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (deformation relative to the original length) is linear within the elastic limit, meaning they are directly proportional to each other. This principle, encapsulated in Hooke's Law, is relevant, but the specific term sought in this question is the modulus of elasticity, which explicitly defines this ratio.

The yield point refers to the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically, while ultimate strength indicates the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure. Neither of these terms directly relates to the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region, making the modulus of elasticity the accurate choice in this context.