What is heat transfer due to the movement of a fluid called?

Heat transfer due to the movement of a fluid is known as convection. This process involves the transfer of heat through the mass movement of a fluid, which can be a liquid or a gas. When a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid moves down to take its place. This creates a circulation pattern that results in the transfer of heat throughout the fluid.

In contrast, sublimation refers to the process where a solid turns directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase, which is unrelated to heat transfer through fluid motion. Radiation involves the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, typically from a hot object to its surroundings, without the need for a medium. Conduction is the process of heat transfer through direct contact of materials, where heat moves from a higher temperature area to a lower temperature area. While these processes involve heat transfer, they are distinctly different from convection, which specifically requires fluid movement.