How is the efficiency of any apparatus calculated?

The efficiency of any apparatus is calculated by taking the output and dividing it by the input. This formula reflects the ratio of useful work or energy produced by a system compared to the total energy or work put into the system.

In the context of efficiency, output typically refers to the useful energy, power, or work delivered by the system, while input refers to the total energy, power, or work supplied to the system. Therefore, expressing efficiency as output divided by input allows one to assess how effectively the apparatus converts input energy into useful output, typically represented as a percentage.

Understanding this concept is crucial in power engineering, as it helps in evaluating the performance of various systems and making decisions on improvements or replacements to achieve better energy utilization.