Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is referred to as:

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is referred to as radiation. This process involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum or through various media. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to transfer heat, radiation can occur even in the absence of matter.

In radiation, energy is emitted from a hot surface and travels through space as electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared light. This principle is evident in how the Sun warms the Earth, even though space is a vacuum and does not contain air or other materials for conduction or convection to take place.

Conduction involves heat transfer through direct contact between materials, where energy is passed from one molecule to another, while convection involves the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) where heat is carried with the flow (due to density differences). Sublimation refers to the transition of a substance from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid phase, which is not related to the transfer of heat as defined in the context of this question.